贴一些文献摘要，翻译，但不解释。如果有人对你说吃下转基因食品后，转基因成分会很快被消化（蛋白被水解为氨基酸，基因成分被水解为碱基）吸收，就请他/她来解释。（不定期更新）

（2011-08-11）：

1. J Anim Sci. 2003 Oct;81(10):2546-51.

Detection of corn intrinsic and recombinant DNA fragments and Cry1Ab protein in the gastrointestinal contents of pigs fed genetically modified corn Bt11.

检测饲喂转基因玉米Bt11的猪的胃肠道内容物中玉米固有和重组DNA片段及Cry1Ab蛋白

Chowdhury EH, Kuribara H, Hino A, Sultana P, Mikami O, Shimada N, Guruge KS, Saito M, Nakajima Y.

Source

National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.

Abstract

Genetically modified corn has been approved as an animal feed in several countries, but information about the fate ofgenetically modified DNA and protein in vivo is insufficient. Genetically modified corn Bt11 is developed by inserting a recombinant DNA sequence encoding insecticidal Cry1Ab protein from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. We examined the presence of corn intrinsic and recombinant cry1Ab gene by PCR, and the Cry1Ab protein by immunological tests in the gastrointestinal contents of five genetically modified corn Bt11-fed and five nongenetically modified corn-fed pigs. Fragments of corn zein (242 bp), invertase (226 bp) and of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase genes (1,028 bp) were detected in the gastrointestinal contents of both Bt11 and nongenetically modified corn-fed pigs.Fragments of recombinant cry1Ab gene (110 bp and 437 bp) were detected in the gastrointestinal contents of the Bt11-fed pigs but not in the control pigs. Neither corn intrinsic nor cry1Ab gene fragments were detected in the peripheral blood by PCR. The gastrointestinal contents were positive for Cry1Ab protein by ELISA, immunochromatography, and immunoblot; however, these methods did not work for blood and precluded conclusions about any potential absorption of the protein. These results suggest that ingested corn DNA and Cry1Ab protein were not totally degraded in the gastrointestinal tract, as shown by their presence in a form detectable by PCR or immunological tests.

转基因玉米已在几个国家被批准作为动物饲料，但有关转基因DNA和蛋白质在体内的命运的信息是不够的。转基因玉米的转基因Bt11是通过插入一段重组DNA序列，该序列编码苏云金芽孢杆菌亚种kurstaki的杀虫Cry1Ab蛋白。我们通过PCR检测在五头转基因玉米Bt11饲喂的和五头非基因修改玉米饲喂的猪的胃肠内容物中，固有和重组玉米cry1Ab基因，并通过免疫学检查Cry1Ab蛋白的存在。检测玉米醇溶蛋白片段（242 bp），蔗糖酶（226 bp）的核酮糖-1,5 - 二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶基因（1028 bp）的片段，转基因玉米Bt11和非转基因玉米饲喂的猪的胃肠内容物中都有。重组cry1Ab基因（110 bp和437 bp）的片段，在转基因玉米Bt11饲喂的猪的胃肠内容物中检测到，未在对照组中检测到。经PCR检测，无论是玉米内在的或转基因的cry1Ab基因片段，均未在外周血中检测到。ELISA，免疫层析法和免疫印迹法检测，胃肠内容物中Cry1Ab蛋白呈阳性。然而，这些方法对血液无效，排除了任何潜在的蛋白质吸收结论。这些结果表明，摄入的玉米DNA和Cry1Ab蛋白未在胃肠道内完全降解，其存在可以通过PCR或免疫学试验显示。

PMID: 14552382

2. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Dec 28;53(26):10268-75.

Detection of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA fragments in the blood, tissues, and digesta of broilers.

检测肉鸡的血液、组织及食糜中转基因和内源性植物DNA片段

Deaville ER, Maddison BC.

Source

Animal Sciences Research Group, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom. e.r.deaville@reading.ac.uk

Abstract

The aim was to determine the fate of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA fragments in the blood, tissues, and digesta of broilers. Male broiler chicks (n = 24) were allocated at 1 day old to each of four treatment diets designated T1-T4. T1 and T2 contained the near isogenic nongenetically modified (GM) maize grain, whereas T3 and T4 contained GM maize grain [cry1a(b) gene]; T1 and T3 also contained the near isogenic non-GM soybean meal, whereas T2 and T4 contained GM soybean meal (cp4epsps gene). Four days prior to slaughter at 39-42 days old, 50% of the broilers on T2-T4 had the source(s) of GM ingredients replaced by their non-GM counterparts. Detection of specific DNA sequences in feed, tissue, and digesta samples was completed by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Seven primer pairs were used to amplifyfragments ( approximately 200 bp) from single copy genes (maize high mobility protein, soya lectin, and transgenes in the GM feeds) and multicopy genes (poultry mitochondrial cytochrome b, maize, and soya rubisco). There was no effect of treatment on the measured growth performance parameters. Except for a single detection of lectin (nontransgenic single copy gene; unsubstantiated) in the extracted DNA from one bursa tissue sample, there was no positive detection of any endogenous or transgenic single copy genes in either blood or tissue DNA samples. However, the multicopy rubisco gene was detected in a proportion of samples from all tissue types (23% of total across all tissues studied) and in low numbers in blood. Feed-derived DNA was found to survive complete degradation up to the large intestine. Transgenic DNA was detected in gizzard digesta but not in intestinal digesta 96 h after the last feeding of treatment diets containing a source of GM maize and/or soybean meal.

目的是为确定转基因和植物内源DNA片段在肉鸡血液、组织和食糜中的命运。雄性肉鸡（N = 24）在1日龄被分配成四个饮食处理组，指定为T1 - T4。 T1和T2（饲喂）含有近等基因的非基因改造（GM）的玉米籽粒，而T3和T4含有转基因玉米的籽粒[cry1a（b）基因]； T1和T3还含有近等基因的非转基因豆粕，而T2和T4含有转基因豆粕（cp4 epsps基因）。临在39-42天出栏的前四天，T2?T4组中50％的肉鸡以非转基因相应饲料取代基因改造成分的来源。通过PCR分析完成饲料、组织和食糜样本中特定DNA序列的检测。单拷贝基因（玉米高迁移率蛋白，大豆凝集素，和转基因饲料中的外源基因）和多拷贝基因（家禽线粒体细胞色素b，玉米、大豆rubisco），7对引物用于扩增片段（约200 bp的）。在测量的生长性能参数上没有任何处理影响。除了一例从一个法氏囊组织样本中提取DNA的凝集素检测（非转基因单拷贝基因检测；未经证实），并没有任何血液或组织的DNA样本中的内源性或转基因的单拷贝基因的阳性检出。然而，在所有的组织类型中的一部分样品（所研究组织总数的23％），以及血液中的低样本数中，检测到多拷贝rubisco基因。饲料源性的DNA被发现，直至大肠完全降解。在最后一次喂食含有转基因玉米和/或豆粕来源的饲料96小时后，在鸡胗食糜中检测到转基因DNA，未在肠道食糜中检测到。

PMID:16366726

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

3. J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Mar 8;54(5):1699-709.

Detection of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA in digesta and tissues of sheep and pigs fed Roundup Ready canola meal.

以抗农达油菜料饲喂的羊和猪的食糜和组织中转基因及内源植物DNA的检测

Sharma R, Damgaard D, Alexander TW, Dugan ME, Aalhus JL, Stanford K, McAllister TA.

Source

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centres, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.

Abstract

The persistence of plant-derived recombinant DNA in sheep and pigs fed genetically modified (Roundup Ready) canola was assessed by PCR and Southern hybridization analysis of DNA extracted from digesta, gastrointestinal (GI) tract tissues, and visceral organs. Sheep (n = 11) and pigs (n = 36) were fed to slaughter on diets containing 6.5 or 15% Roundup Ready canola. Native plant DNA (high- and low-copy-number gene fragments) and the cp4 epsps transgene that encodes 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase were tracked in ruminal, abomasal, and large intestinal digesta and in tissue from the esophagus, rumen, abomasum, small and large intestine, liver, and kidney of sheep and in cecal content and tissue from the duodenum, cecum, liver, spleen, and kidney of pigs. High-copy chloroplast-specificDNA (a 520-bp fragment) was detected in all digesta samples, the majority (89-100%) of intestinal tissues, and at least one of each visceral organ sample (frequencies of 3-27%) from sheep and swine. Low-copy rubisco fragments (186- and 540-bp sequences from the small subunit) were present at slightly lower, variable frequencies in digesta (18-82%) and intestinal tissues (9-27% of ovine and 17-25% of porcine samples) and infrequently in visceral organs (1 of 88 ovine samples; 3 of 216 porcine samples). Each of the five cp4 epsps transgene fragments (179-527 bp) surveyed was present in at least 27% of ovine large intestinal content samples (maximum = 64%) and at least 33% of porcine cecal content samples (maximum = 75%). In sheep, transgene fragments were more common in intestinal digesta than in ruminal or abomasal content. Transgene fragments were detected in 0 (esophagus) to 3 (large intestine) GI tract tissues from the 11 sheep and in 0-10 of the duodenal and cecal tissues collected from 36 pigs. The feed-ingested recombinant DNA was not detected in visceral tissues (liver, kidney) of lambs or in the spleen from pigs. Of note, however, one liver and one kidney sample from the pigs (different animals) were positive for a 278-bp fragment of the transgenic cp4 epsps (denoted F3). Examination of genomic libraries from these tissues yielded no conclusive information regarding integration of the fragment into porcineDNA. This study confirms that feed-ingested DNA fragments (endogenous and transgenic) do survive to the terminal GI tract and that uptake into gut epithelial tissues does occur. A very low frequency of transmittance to visceral tissue was confirmed in pigs, but not in sheep. It is recognized that the low copy number of transgenes in GM feeds is a challenge to their detection in tissues, but there was no evidence to suggest that recombinant DNA would be processed in the gut in any manner different from endogenous feed-ingested genetic material.

给羊和猪喂食基因改造的（抗农达）油菜籽，在食糜、胃肠道（GI）组织和内脏器官中提取的DNA，经PCR和Southern杂交分析评估植物来源重组DNA。羊（N = 11）和猪（N = 36），饲喂含有6.5或15％抗草甘磷油菜籽的饮食至出栏。检测来自羊的瘤胃、邹胃和大肠的食糜，和食管、瘤胃、皱胃、大小肠、肝、肾组织，以及来自猪的盲肠成分，及十二指肠、盲肠、肝、脾、肾组织中，天然植物的DNA（高和低拷贝数的基因片段）和cp4 epsps转基因，它编码5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶。在羊和猪的食糜样品中，肠组织的大部分（89-100％），并至少每个内脏器官样本（3-27％的频率）中检测到高拷贝叶绿体特异的DNA（520 - bp的片段）。在食糜（18-82％）和肠组织（绵羊的9-27％和猪的17-25％）样本中，以及偶尔（1/88绵羊样本，3/216猪样本）的内脏器官中以略低且可变频率出现低拷贝的核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶-加氧酶（rubisco）的片段（186 - 540 - bp的小亚基序列）。测量每五个cp4 epsps转基因片段（179-527 bp），其中一个可以在至少有27％的绵羊大肠成分的样品（最大= 64％），和至少有33％（最大值= 75％）猪盲肠成分样品中检测到。对于羊，转基因的片段在肠道食糜中比在瘤胃或皱胃成分中更普遍。11只羊的0（食道）至3（大肠）消化道组织，及来自36只猪，0-10的十二指肠和盲肠组织中，检测到转基因片段。未在羊内脏（肝、肾）组织，或从猪脾中检测到饲料摄入的重组DNA。然而，值得注意的是，一个来自猪的肝脏和一个肾脏样品（不同的动物）的转基因cp4 epsps的278 bp的片段呈阳性反应（记为F3）。对这些组织的基因组文库检测，未取得有关片段整合到猪DNA的确凿结论。本研究证实，饲料摄入的DNA片段（内源性和转基因），确实会在消化道终端存在，并被肠上皮组织吸收。确认了猪，但不是羊，会发生非常低频率的（基因片段）内脏组织转移。公认在组织中检测基因改造饲料中的低拷贝数的转基因的是一项挑战，但是，没有任何证据表明，重组DNA在肠道内与内源性饲料摄入的遗传物质的处理方式不同。

PMID: 16506822

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]